Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
Safwan Muhammed Safeek
Safwan Muhammed Safeek, a 1 year old baby had reflux of urine from his bladder back to his kidney tubes. This led to severe urinary infection. He was admitted at Aster Medcity and underwent costly treatments at PICU.
The family's financial burden was supported by ASK Foundation.
Ahandev R Rajesh
The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by an American Physician - Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl on a child.
Ahandev R Rajesh, a 1-year-old underwent liver transplant at Aster Medcity.
His father has been out of work to support his child's treatment. ASK foundation supported him significantly
Hasna Ismail
Hasna Ismail, a 17 year old girl, following an attack of chicken pox developed a severe brain infection. She had to undergo medical management at the Aster Medcity ,PICU. Her father sells pickles to support the family.
ASK covered a major part of her treatment costs.
Thanha Parveen
Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by flattening of one side of the skull. Thanha Parveen, a 4 month old baby girl was treated with a corrective surgery for this condition. However, she developed severe infection of her skull bones and was admitted again at Aster Medcity.
She underwent a complex procedure for the same. Her father is an unskilled laborer and is the only earning member of the family.
ASK has supported the treatment for this child during all her admission requirements past and present.
Neima
Neima, a 1 year old baby girl developed liver failure. This meant that her liver function was deteriorating rapidly.
She was admitted under the Pediatric intensive Care team at Aster Medcity and was treated extensively by the ICU and Hepatology services.
The family is impoverished and survive on a shoestring income. ASK supported the child's treatment cost.
Alhan Lukuman
11-year-old Alhan Lukuman developed an uncontrolled spread of infection in his bloodstream. This condition is called sepsis.
He required a long stay at our PICU at Aster Medcity . After a very difficult battle the child was cured. His father supports the family selling vegetable off a street cart.
ASK supported a huge amount towards his treatment
Nelwin Sajan
Nelwin Sajan, a 14 year-old boy was found to have a brain tumor called glioma. It had affected him to the extent of having frequent severe headaches and fainting episodes.
He underwent a successful partial excision of the tumor at Aster Medcity.
ASK generously supported a major part of treatment cost.
Albert George Binu
Albert George Binu, a 2 year old boy was admitted at Aster Medcity. His urinary tubes were blocked and had caused his kidneys to swell up. He underwent a successful corrective surgery under the able hands of pediatric surgeon, Dr. Kiran V.R.
His Father's bus conductor job wasn't enough to support his treatment costs. ASK supported a major part of this burden financially.
Mohammed Hafees
Mohammed Hafees, a 2-month-old was admitted at Medcity due to severe seizures and encephalitis.
The father is a helper in a supermarket getting meager income and the grandfather runs a tea shop, they are the family's only sources of income. ASK supported the child’s treatment.
